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If ever there was a beauty, skincare, and wellness buzzword that stands the test of time, ‘[collagen](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-collagen-in-skincare-supplements-aesthetic-medicine)’ would be it. You’ll be hard pressed to research anything related to skin health or aging without coming across the term. When it comes to plump, youthful skin, we know collagen is good and a lack of collagen is not. What’s often left out of conversations about collagen, however, is a deeper exploration of exactly what it is, how it’s produced, and the effect it has on skin quality.

Simply put, collagen gives the skin its structure and natural collagen levels start dropping pretty early in life (think: [mid-twenties](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-skincare-routine-products-ingredients-for-20s)). But all is not lost. There are steps that can be taken to slow the declines and even stimulate new collagen production. Intrigued? Here, top dermatologists and nutritionists break down everything we need to know about the beautifying protein.

## **What Is Collagen?**
Collagen is a protein that is naturally found in the human body. “It is a protein produced by the body that makes up something we call connective tissues,” says [Angela Lamb, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/angela-lamb-md-34643), a board certified dermatologist in New York City. “You can also consume collagen through external sources.” Aside from water and fat, the body is mainly made up of proteins – and collagen is the most ubiquitous of them. 

There are different types of collagen, but type I makes up roughly 90 percent of the collagen in the human body. It is a vital component in bones, muscles, cartilage, and, yes, skin. “Collagen is a structural protein that provides rigidity and firmness to the skin,” says [Brendan Camp, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/brendan-camp-md-34645), a NYC-based board certified dermatologist. 

Basically, collagen is an essential building block of healthy skin. “Collagen is the main component of the skin – in fact, 80 percent of our skin is formed from collagen,” explains [Jennifer Hanway](https://jenniferhanway.com/), a board certified holistic nutritionist. “It is found in the extracellular matrix of the skin, so it plays a pivotal role in the skin's structure and rigidity.” Said another way: “It really is the framework that keeps our skin supple, firm, and lifted,” she adds.

## **What’s the Relationship Between Collagen & Skin?**
“The main role of collagen in the skin is to give it elasticity, bounce, and stretch,” Dr. Lamb says. That’s a lot of responsibility, which is why we’re sorry to say that, once you reach your mid- to late-twenties, natural collagen levels start declining at the rate of about one percent a year. “From the age of around 25, both the types of collagen and the amount of collagen in the skin begins to decrease, leading to dryer, thinning skin,” Hanways shares. Hormonal changes (think: [menopause](https://aedit.com/aedition/cosmetic-procedures-skincare-for-women-in-menopause)) and external forces (i.e. sun exposure, [smoking](https://aedit.com/aedition/impact-of-cigarette-smoking-vaping-on-skin-hair-teeth-health), poor diet, etc.) can speed up the degredation process. “Poor diet, environmental factors, and [stress](https://aedit.com/aedition/impact-of-stress-on-skin-acne-wrinkles-dryness) can all negatively affect the quality and integrity of collagen in the skin,” she says. 

Changes in the quality and quantity of collagen correlate to changes in the skin. “With the loss of collagen, the skin sags and develops the [fine lines and wrinkles](https://aedit.com/concern/fine-lineswrinkles) we associate with age,” Dr. Camp notes. The reason? “Collagen constitutes a large portion of the dermis, one of the layers of skin,” he explains. “Think of it like scaffolding off which other skin structures are supported.” The webbing of collagen, elastin, and [hyaluronic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-hyaluronic-acid-in-skincare-dermal-filler) found in the dermis that makes the skin supple, sculpted, and supported in our younger years, breaks down as we get older and aging fibroblasts (the makers of collagen and elastin) can’t produce enough to offset the loss.

![Aging Skin vs Younger Skin Cross Section Illustration](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/73J5weI4xxCbfEVQnowdc5/7eb132f953c98475752ebb2dcd4b0bae/aging-skin-vs-younger-skin-cross-section-illustration.jpg)

It’s not uncommon to first notice these changes on naturally fuller areas of the face, like the [cheeks](https://aedit.com/concern/cheek-volume). Then, you may find that the area around your eyes starts to look a little less plump. As for the rest of your body, the texture of your hair could start to change, your nails might become more brittle, and you may find you begin to experience joint pain or a loss of muscle mass.

To put a finer point on the timing, collagen production peaks in the [twenties](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-mens-skincare-routine-products-ingredients-for-20s) and starts decreasing at that annual one percent rate by the mid to latter part of the decade. For females, that continues until [menopause](https://aedit.com/aedition/menopause-specific-beauty-skincare-hair-products), at which point collagen levels have a significant falloff. There is an estimated 30 percent drop in collagen during that phase, before stabilizing to a two percent yearly decline thereafter. 

## **Where Does Collagen Come From?**
As we've been talking about, the body makes its own collagen proteins. Fibroblasts are the cells in the connective tissues that produce collagen and elastin. Your body is constantly replenishing its natural supply to counteract the breakdown that occurs. When we are young and healthy, more collagen is created than lost – hence your firm, elastic, and resilient skin that bounces back quickly and efficiently heals itself. But, with age, that scale tips in the other direction as fibroblast activity slows. 

In order for the body to function optimally and produce collagen in the first place, it requires [proper nutrition](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-food-impacts-skin-aging). “All of the foods that we eat are broken down and absorbed through the process of digestion, then used for cellular growth and repair throughout the body,” Hanway explains. “Collagen is formed via multiple processes that need specific amino acids – the building blocks of protein – combined with vitamin and mineral cofactors.”

While Hanways says the nutrients from a diet high in amino acids, vitamins, and minerals promote collagen repair and growth, the opposite is also true. “If a person’s diet is lacking in these foods, then collagen repair and growth will be compromised,” she notes. But it’s not just what you aren’t eating that will negatively impact collagen production. “A diet high in [sugar](https://aedit.com/aedition/the-impact-of-candy-sugar-sweets-on-teeth-and-skin) and refined carbohydrates can actually damage collagen and elastin fibers in the skin via a process called glycation that can cause premature aging, fine lines, and wrinkles,” she cautions.

And then there is collagen supplementation. You’ve no doubt seen plenty of collagen powders and capsules promising to rejuvenate the skin. Research [shows](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/10/2494) that collagen supplements can improve skin hydration, elasticity, texture, and density, but not all products are created equal (more on that below). 

## **How Can You Boost Collagen Levels?**
Just because your body's natural collagen levels decline over time doesn't mean there aren't ways to kickstart production. Eating a well-balanced diet, taking collagen supplements, adopting healthy lifestyle habits, and even trying certain skincare and aesthetic treatments can stimulate collagen production. 

### **1. Diet**
You are what you eat. To build collagen, the body makes procollagen from amino acids (i.e. glycine and proline), vitamin C, and minerals. Consuming a [diet](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-diet-for-healthy-beautiful-skin) that is rich in these nutrients will give the body the fuel it needs to create natural collagen.

### **Eat This**
- **For Amino Acids**: Animal & fish protein
- **For Vitamin C**: Guava, kiwi, citrus, berries, leafy greens
- **For Minerals**: Oysters, cashews, sesame seeds, almonds

“Diets that contain animal and fish proteins can help collagen production, as they contain the specific amino acids that the body uses to form new collagen,” Hanway explains. “Adding protein-rich foods into our diets provides us with the raw materials necessary for collagen production.” She recommends “high quality animal proteins,” such as organic chicken, grass-fed beef, and wild-caught salmon. Bone broth is also “a great source of dietary collagen” that can be used for sipping or added to sauces, she notes. 

As Hanway explains, [vitamin C](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-vitamin-c-in-skincare) is an essential cofactor in the formation and stabilization of new collagen, so foods rich in the antioxidant vitamin are essential. “Guava and kiwi are the two fruits that are highest in vitamin C, but other citrus fruits, berries, and leafy greens are also great sources,” she says. Additionally, “copper, manganese, and zinc are the three minerals that play a key factor in collagen production,” she shares. They are, however, “often lacking in our modern-day diets,” she cautions. To up your intake, she suggests adding oysters, cashews, sesame seeds, and almonds to the menu.

While feeding your body what it needs to build collagen is paramount, there are also foods you can add to your diet to fortify your collagen reserves. “Fermented foods such as tempeh, yogurt, sauerkraut, and kombucha contain lactobacillus, a strain of probiotic bacteria that produces superoxide dismutase,” Hanway says. “Superoxide dismutase is a powerful antioxidant that may prevent collagen breakdown by reducing the production of free radicals.” Her advice: “Aim for one serving of fermented foods a day and consider supplementing with a good quality probiotic.” 

### **2. Supplements**
When we talk about [supplements for skin](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-dietary-supplements-can-benefit-the-skin), collagen is almost always part of the conversation. “I’ve supplemented with collagen powder for years and I recommend it to all my clients who want to look after their skin from the inside out,” Hanway shares. Clinical [research](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7070905/) and [trials](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6073484/) have shown that collagen supplements can support skin elasticity, minimize the appearance of fine lines, and boost moisture levels in the skin. “While even I was skeptical at first, there is strong research to support this,” Dr. Lamb says. “It is exciting.”

With that said, the type of supplement matters. “Hydrolyzed collagen is composed of low molecular weight small peptides, which means it is both highly digestible and easily absorbed and distributed in the human body,” Hanway explains. “When taken orally, it is absorbed into the bloodstream in the form of both collagen peptides and free amino acids that are then distributed around the body – especially to the skin – where they can stay for up to 14 days.”

When they reach the skin, Hanways says the collagen peptides and free amino acids have a two-fold benefit:

1. They provide building blocks for the formation of collagen fibers.
2. They stimulate the production of new collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid. 

In order to enjoy the benefits of supplementation, it needs to come from the correct source. “I recommend choosing marine collagen from wild caught fish or bovine collagen from grass fed cows,” Hanway says. Collagen only exists in the animal kingdom, which means the concept of ‘vegan collagen’ is a little misleading. “There is no such thing as vegan collagen,” she notes. “Collagen powder is made from the skin or connective tissue of fish and animals.” If a supplement is marketed as vegan, it's probably better classified as a collagen booster and will likely contain ingredients like amino acids, vitamin C, [vitamin E](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-vitamin-e-in-skincare), and other botanicals that protect against collagen degradation. “There are some supplements available that contain the cofactors for collagen formation that may be helpful,” Hanway says.

When it comes to format, Hanway recommends a collagen powder over a collagen capsule because of the clinically significant serving size. “It takes around 10 grams a day to notice changes in the skin, and that amount is hard to get via a capsule,” she says.

As with any type of supplement, not all are created equal. “The conclusions behind research looking at collagen supplements are a mixed bag,” Dr. Camp cautions. “Some data supports the use of supplements, some does not, and some is biased as the makers of supplements produce it.” This is why research into the brand you are purchasing from is key. 

### **3. Lifestyle**
We don’t need to tell you that your lifestyle plays a role in the overall quality of your skin, and collagen is no exception. Unprotected exposure to [damaging ultraviolet (UV) rays](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-skincare-to-treat-sun-damage), poor sleep hygiene, smoking, not eating well, and stress can all cause the premature breakdown of collagen. When you are in your peak collagen-making years, you might not notice the effects of an all-nighter or sweet tooth, but, as natural production slows, the effects will become visible and compound. As such, there are some healthy habits you can adopt to kickstart your body's natural collagen production *and* protect what you already have:

- Get enough sleep
- Limit sun exposure 
- Manage stress
- Quit smoking
- Eat a well-balanced diet
- Avoid sugar & alcohol 
- Use collagen-stimulating skincare 

### **4. Skincare**
You can’t have a conversation about inducing collagen production without talking about aesthetics and skincare. Let’s start with what you can do in-office. On the most non-invasive end of the spectrum, [red light therapy](https://aedit.com/procedure/led-light-therapy) has been [clinically shown](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3926176/) to improve intradermal collagen density. [Sculptra®](https://aedit.com/procedure/sculptra) is a poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) bio-stimulatory injectable that encourages the body to create new collagen, and Dr. Lamb says [hyaluronic acid-based fillers](https://aedit.com/aedition/hyaluronic-acid-filler-vs-biostimulatory-injectables) can jumpstart production as well. 

### **Aesthetic Treatments**
- Biostimulatory injectables
- Thread lifts
- Microneedling
- Red light therapy
- Resurfacing lasers
- Radiofrequency

[Thread lifts](https://aedit.com/procedure/thread-lift) are also touted for their collagen-boosting abilities, as is [microneedling](https://aedit.com/procedure/microneedling) (a.k.a. collagen induction therapy). Studies [show](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5556180/) the tiny needles penetrate the stratum corneum with minimal damage to the epidermis, though it leads to the generation of growth factors that then stimulate the production of collagen and elastin in the papillary layer of the dermis. And then there are energy-based modalities. “Most [resurfacing lasers](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-ablative-laser-skin-resurfacing) and [radiofrequency devices](https://aedit.com/aedition/radiofrequency-skin-tighening-fat-reduction) stimulate collagen,” Dr. Lamb says. Consulting with a board certified dermatologist or plastic surgeon can help determine the best treatment plan for your anatomy.

Topical skincare can also play a role in collagen production. As Dr. Lamb shares, [retinol and retinoids](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-a-retinol-retinoids-in-skincare) are perhaps best known active ingredients for collagen concerns. [Bakuchiol](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-bakuchiol-in-skincare) is often touted as a gentler, plant-based alternative to the vitamin A derivatives, and [research](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24471735/) shows it doesn’t skimp on the collagen upregulating benefits. 

### **Skincare Ingredients**
- Retinol & retinoids 
- Bakuchiol
- Glycolic acid
- Peptides
- Vitamin C
- Sunscreen

A member of the alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) family, [glycolic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/benefits-of-glycolic-acid-for-body) is [believed](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7891644/) to increase collagen production by triggering the body’s natural healing response. [Vitamin C](https://aedit.com/aedition/facts-about-vitamin-c-in-skincare) is instrumental to collagen making and preserving in all forms, but, as a topical, the antioxidant [plays a part](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7547010/) in collagen synthesis and stabilization. Additionally, certain types of [peptides](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-peptides-in-skincare) can either slow the breakdown or increase the supply of collagen and elastin.

Finally, a word on [sunscreen](https://aedit.com/aedition/dermatologist-approved-sunscreen-for-face-body). In case you need another reason to double down on your sun care routine, unprotected exposure to UV rays speeds up the degradation of collagen. Wear a broad spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30 every day as a first line of defense.

## **The Takeaway**
Collagen is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body's makeup, including the structure of the skin. With age, natural collagen production slows and levels begin to decline, which leads to fine lines and wrinkles, thinning, dryness, and volume loss. From diet to supplements to at-home and in-office skincare, however, there are steps you can take to stimulate collagen for smoother, stronger, and more supple skin.

Wellness

A deep dive into the structural protein that keeps skin supple, sculpted, and supported.

The Role Of Collagen In The Skin

Everything You Need To Know About Collagen And The Skin

prchi-palwe-YUIMwavk7AQ-unsplash

Beauty

A culinary favorite and Ayurvedic staple, turmeric has more recently entered the beauty sphere and taken centerstage. Here’s why the golden root is, well, golden.

Guide To Turmeric In Skincare For Acne, Dark Spots, Fine Lines, Dullness

Read The Label: Everything You Need To Know About Turmeric In Skincare

cheyenne-doig-djME6Gy-KEs-unsplash

Aesthetics

Dematologists and plastic surgeons break down the differences between Morpheus8, Vivace, Infini RF, and more.

Comparing The Best Microneedling With Radiofrequency Treatments

Here’s How The Most Popular RF Microneedling Treatments Measure Up

shutterstock 597048095

Whether you call them cold sores or fever blisters, those who have experienced a herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) infection can feel their Spidey senses tingling before the effects even show. Oral herpes can be somewhat painful, though it’s mostly the connotation and aesthetic impact that leads many to cancel plans, feel shame, or turn to makeup as a means of covering up. 

According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), about 90 percent of people have been [exposed](https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/herpes-hsv1-and-hsv2/oral-herpes) to the HSV-1 virus by age 50, with 50 percent to 80 percent of adults in the United States believed to have oral herpes. All of this is to say that cold sores are quite common, but that doesn’t make them any less annoying to live with. Fortunately, they can be nipped in the bud if you strike the iron before it’s hot, and that’s what we’re exploring here today. From early treatment to medical care, here’s what the experts have to say about treating, preventing, and managing cold sores.

## **Understanding Cold Sores: Symptoms & Triggers**
Regardless of how you get the virus – be it through accidentally sharing utensils or a kiss – the small, fluid-filled clusters can happen to anyone at any age. More often than not, they are harmless. “It's important to remember that the majority of people have been exposed to herpes simplex, often in childhood,” says [Daniel Belkin, MD](https://www.nydermatologygroup.com/doctors/dr-daniel-belkin/), a board certified dermatologist at New York Dermatology Group in New York City. “So, a breakout may very well be a recurrence and unrelated to the most recent contact.” As he explains, HSV-1 is what typically infects the mouth area, while HSV-2 usually affects the genitals and is not as prevalent.

Cold sores can crop up for a variety of reasons. “Anything that impacts the immune response in the skin or creates injury in the skin can cause a breakout,” Dr. Belkin shares. While that sounds broad, those who’ve experienced a cold sore know how tricky it can be to understand the trigger. “[Sun exposure](https://aedit.com/aedition/cosmetic-procedures-treatments-to-correct-sun-damage) can reduce the immune response in the skin and cause a breakout,” he explains. “Illness can reduce the immune response in the skin and also cause a breakout, giving us the names ‘fever blister’ and ‘cold sore.’” An outbreak can also be from conditions that impair the skin barrier, such as [eczema](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-skincare-products-to-treat-eczema-flare-ups-in-the-winter) (more on that later). Lastly, Dr. Belkin notes that cosmetic facial treatments can play a role, too. “Especially around the mouth, [filler injections](https://aedit.com/procedure/dermal-filler-and-injectable-solutions), [lasers](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-ablative-laser-skin-resurfacing), and [microneedling](https://aedit.com/procedure/microneedling) can cause breakouts,” he adds. 

The symptoms of cold sores evolve over their lifespan. Early on in the process, many feel “redness, pain, swelling, and blistering,” says [Amy Spizuoco, DO](https://aedit.com/provider/amy-spizuoco-19341), a board certified dermatologist and founder of True Dermatology in NYC. An HSV-1 outbreak can last anywhere from three days to a week with no indication of how big it will be. As a result, the earlier you notice the warning signs, the better. Our experts say that as soon as the swelling and tingling appear, the clock is ticking to address it.

## **How to Treat Cold Sores**
There is no cure for HSV-1, but there are some treatment options that can treat symptoms and mitigate flareups. They include: 

### **Prescription Medication**
“The best way to treat a cold sore is to have some oral medication on hand and take it as soon as you have the feeling that a cold sore is coming,” Dr. Belkin shares. “When done this way, all you need is a day of medication, and then you are done.” Dr. Spizuoco says oral acyclovir and valacyclovir are both effective. 

If you don’t have a prescription at home already, we know that squeezing in a trip to the doctor may be difficult – but it’s likely worth the effort. “Unfortunately, I don't think anything over-the-counter is very effective, and I would recommend seeing a physician to get a prescription of oral antivirals to have on hand if you are someone who gets frequent cold sores,” Dr. Belkin explains. While he notes that OTC Abreva (docosanol) “can’t hurt” and may “shorten healing time by half a day or so,” he says it is “not super effective.”

For those who can’t get ahead of the cold sore, Dr. Spizuoco has good news. “In office, the blisters can be lanced or injected with cortisone to speed up the resolution,” she says. 

### **At-Home Remedies**
Dr. Belkin explains that, when it comes to at-home cold sore solutions, “there aren't any.” Many try cold compresses to soothe pain, but you should proceed with caution. “Using irritants to try to clean or dry the area will just lead to further breakdown of the skin and prolong healing time,” he warns. “Once the virus is no longer active, keeping the eroded area moist with Vaseline or Aquaphor can help it to heal.”  

For at-home prevention, leading a healthy lifestyle may seem like a vague task, but [adequate sleep](https://aedit.com/aedition/impact-of-beauty-sleep-on-skin-health-nighttime-skincare-products), a [healthy diet](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-diet-for-healthy-beautiful-skin), and taking steps like wearing a [lip balm with sunscreen](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-lip-balms-with-spf) can help reduce the chances of a cold sore from developing in the first place. 

### **Avoid This**
Certain behaviors may be done with the best intentions but are blindly slowing the healing process, while others may be unknowingly triggering infection. Either way, here are doctors’ orders for what not to do: 

1. **Using Too Much Makeup**: “Cold sores are hard to cover up because they are textured, but I don't see a problem with dabbing on some foundation,” Dr. Belkin says. While a little can be great, layering too much (with [dirty brushes](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-clean-makeup-brushes-sponges)) can be detrimental. When applying, “wash your hands after, as cold sores are infectious and the virus can be spread to different parts of the face,” he cautions. To minimize its appearance or expedite the healing process, Dr. Spizuoco suggests [hydrocolloid patches](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-pimple-patches-to-treat-acne-breakouts-blemishes) to “conceal a cold sore.” Additionally, if lip gloss or lipstick is applied on the affected area, the product may be contaminated and lead to future breakouts.
2. **Eating That, Not This**: If you’re wondering if [diet](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-food-impacts-skin-aging) can impact the healing process, it absolutely can. Eat as cleanly as possible, and avoid spicy or acidic food and carbonated beverages. 
3. **Getting a Treatment**: This may seem self-evident, but it bears repeating: Aesthetic treatments, including [lip filler](https://aedit.com/procedure/temporary-lip-fillers), should be avoided until the skin is fully healed. “I would hold off on any of these if a patient had an active or healing cold sore,” Dr. Belkin advises. “Once the area is healed, we can proceed with treatment.” Even if you are not experiencing an active outbreak, share your medical history with your provider. “If a patient is prone to cold sores, I might administer some oral medication before the treatment for prophylactic purposes,” he adds.
4. **Sharing Utensils**: Sharing items that come in contact with a cold sore can lead to the other person getting the virus. For those concerned about when to share again, “cold sores are thought to be no longer infectious once the blistered or eroded skin is dried and crusted,” Dr. Belkin explains. But, to be safe, he recommends “waiting until the skin is re-epithelialized or healed over.” At that point, “the area may still be pink, but, if it feels like normal skin, it is fine to start sharing again,” he says.

## **How to Prevent Cold Sores**  
For many, prevention can mean leading a healthy lifestyle, but it's not a guarantee. As mentioned, there is no rhyme or reason as to what can cause an outbreak, but those who have the HSV-1 virus in their system will benefit from [regular exercise](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-fitness-classes-workouts-exercises-to-try-at-home), getting enough sleep, eating well, and taking care of themselves. 

For those with a weakened immune system or [eczema](https://aedit.com/aedition/comparing-eczema-vs-psoriasis), a diagnosis and tailored treatment will be beneficial for prevention, as this population may experience worsened symptoms. “The first breakout of cold sores is typically more severe than a recurrence,” Dr. Belkin explains. “If you think you may be having the first episode due to recent exposure, it would be a good idea to see a doctor to be evaluated and to be prescribed oral medication.” He emphasizes that “the sooner you start, the quicker the breakout will fade.” This, he says, minimizes “both embarrassment and the risk of [scarring](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-every-type-of-scar).” 

## **The Takeaway**
Oral herpes might feel like an embarrassing condition that comes with social anxiety and some physical discomfort, but cold sores are common and can be addressed quickly with the right precautions. From medical intervention to rapid action, there are options for those with plans and no desire to cover up an unforeseen breakout. Consulting with a board certified dermatologist can help manage and treat current and future cold sores.

Expert Opinion

There’s never a good time to get a fever blister, but, when treated early, an outbreak doesn’t have to ruin your plans. 

Dermatologist Tips For Treating And Preventing Cold Sores

Your Guide To Treating And Preventing Cold Sores

shutterstock 1890676825

*Feel like you need a dictionary every time you look at the ingredient list of a beauty product? Still unsure of the difference between retinol and retinoids? What about the unique benefits of vitamins B, C, and E? Are alpha and beta hydroxy acids the same thing? The skincare aisle can be overwhelming, but you don’t need a PhD in cosmetic chemistry to navigate it. With expert help, The AEDITION is demystifying and simplifying the beauty industry — [one label at a time](https://aedit.com/aedition/category/read-the-label).*

Most of us have been [exfoliating](https://aedit.com/aedition/dangers-of-over-exfoliating-the-skin) for a while now (including that regrettable St. Ives scrub phase), but recent years have seen [chemical exfoliators](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-at-home-chemical-peels-exfoliators) emerge as the favorite over physical exfoliators. Containing ingredients like [alpha hydroxy acids](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-alpha-hydroxy-acids-in-skincare) (hi, glycolic and [mandelic](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-mandelic-acid-in-skincare)), [beta hydroxy acids](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-beta-hydroxy-acids-salicylic-acid-in-skincare) (read: salicylic acid), and [polyhydroxy acids](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-polyhydroxy-acids-in-skincare) (including gluconolactone), chemical exfoliants work by loosening and removing the bonds between dead skin cells so they slough off, revealing the fresh, glowing skin underneath.

Within the ever-popular crop of AHAs is lactic acid. You may have heard of the gentle-yet-effective active – it is, afterall, one of the more popular exfoliators in the group – but you may not know what makes it special in comparison to its fellow hydroxy acids. To find out more, the AEDITION talked to the experts.

## **What Is Lactic Acid?**
Lactic acid is an organic acid with the molecular formula CH3CH(OH)COOH that is naturally found in sour milk due to the fermentation of sugar and starch, though vegan and manmade versions exist. Lactic acid is also naturally occurring in the body, specifically in the muscles after working out (yep, it’s the cause of that [post-sweat session soreness](https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-does-lactic-acid-buil/)). So, how does this translate to skincare?

The lactic acid found in skincare is generally of synthetic origin. When it comes to skincare, it is “a water-soluble alpha hydroxy acid that exfoliates the surface of the skin to reveal smoother, brighter skin,” explains [Shani Darden](https://www.instagram.com/shanidarden/?hl=en), a celebrity aesthetician and founder of [Shani Darden Skincare](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanidarden.com%2F). Compared to its counterparts, the lactic acid molecule is larger. “This means that it cannot penetrate the skin as deeply, therefore you're getting more surface-level treatment (polishing, exfoliating, etc.),” she shares. As a result, it is generally considered a milder AHA that can be tolerated by a wider array of skin types. 

## **The Benefits of Lactic Acid in Skincare**
One of the reasons hydroxy acids of any kind are so popular is because of their versatility. From dullness to wrinkles to acne, they can tackle an array of skin concerns – and lactic acid is no exception. Lactic acid benefits the skin by: 

- Sloughing away accumulated dead skin cells
- Increasing cell turnover 
- Removing acne-causing bacteria 
- Improving skin tone and texture 

![Lactic Acid Skincare Benefits Infographic](//images.ctfassets.net/zw35sfestf1t/l07U5s4mThsZsulCDc1IM/6128a0fc949ae1b0098867216c2a4c54/Lactic-Acid-Skincare-Benefits-Infographic.jpg)

But that’s not all. One of the things that differentiates lactic acid from the rest is its gentle nature. Beyond it’s larger molecule size, “lactic acid is less likely than glycolic or salicylic acid to disrupt the pH of your skin,” Darden shares. Perhaps most interesting, it also has an inherent moisturizing factor, “keeping your natural moisture barrier healthy and even adding a little hydration back into the skin,” she adds. This makes it a viable option for sensitive, dry, and more mature skin types.

## **The Best Candidates for Lactic Acid**
While most skin types will benefit from the power of lactic acid’s gentle exfoliation, “individuals who are prone to [hyperpigmentation](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-hyperpigmentation-dark-spots-melasma) or experience mature skin are great candidates for lactic acid, as it can help fade sun spots or age spots and can smooth and soften fine lines and wrinkles,” explains Jessica Houston, lead aesthetician and vice president of operations at [BEAUTYBEEZ](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbeautybeez.com%2F).  

As for those who should stay away, [Audrey Kunin, MD](https://www.instagram.com/draudreykunin/?hl=en), a board certified dermatologist and founder of [DERMAdoctor](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dermadoctor.com%2F), notes that those with open wounds or inflamed skin should completely avoid using lactic acid directly on those areas until they are healed. If you have [sensitive skin](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-sensitive-vs-sensitized-skin), you probably already know that you should always proceed with caution when [adding new ingredients](https://aedit.com/aedition/safely-trying-new-skincare-products-ingredients) to your skincare routine. Even so, Darden says that all hope is not lost. As we mentioned, the larger molecular size means lactic acid cannot penetrate the skin as deeply. “This is good news for those with sensitive skin, who'll likely be able to tolerate its effects much better than salicylic, glycolic acid, or even retinol,” she explains. In fact, it’s one of the primary reasons she loves the active. “It’s one of my all-time favorite ingredients overall because it’s so effective and can be used by so many skin types,” she notes.

## **How to Add Lactic Acid to Your Skincare Routine**
Lactic acid products usually come in the form of [toners](https://aedit.com/aedition/benefits-of-toner-in-skincare), serums, and peel pads, though some creams can also contain the ingredient. Adding it to your routine is a lot simpler than you may think. “Lactic acid is the gentlest of the AHAs, so most people can use it without any problem,” Houston shares. “If you experience any sensitivities, you should incorporate them with another serum or use a dropper to use with a moisturizer.” 

Darden agrees that lactic acid is best paired with hydrating products and ingredients – especially if you are new to using it. “When incorporating lactic acid into your routine, you can use an additional [hyaluronic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-hyaluronic-acid-in-skincare-dermal-filler) or moisturizer for added hydration,” she says. But don’t rush the process. “With most lactic acids, you should wait five to 10 minutes before applying [additional layers] so the serum can absorb into the skin without affecting the pH, which could interfere with the efficacy of the treatment,” she cautions.

Ready to add lactic acid to your routine, but don’t know where to begin? Let’s start with serums. Darden recently launched her [Lactic Acid AHA Exfoliating Serum](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sephora.com%2Fproduct%2Fshani-darden-lactic-acid-serum-P478731), which pairs 9 percent lactic acid with PHA gluconolactone and a proprietary soothing complex to retexturize the skin without irritation. Another editor-favorite on the AEDIT team is the [Sunday Riley Good Genes](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sephora.com%2Fproduct%2Fgood-genes-all-in-one-lactic-acid-treatment-P309308). Packed with purified lactic acid to smooth and clarify, [licorice](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-licorice-extract-in-skincare) and lemongrass to brighten pigmentation, and [prickly pear](https://aedit.com/aedition/benefits-of-prickly-pear-for-skin-hair) to calm redness, we like to use it once or twice a week as an overnight treatment. If you are looking for a budget-friendly option, look no further than [The Ordinary Lactic Acid 10% + HA]([https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulta.com%2Fp%2Flactic-acid-10-ha-pimprod2007103), which includes hyaluronic acid for instant hydration. The [Biossance Squalane & 10% Lactic Acid Resurfacing Night Serum](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbiossance.com%2Fproducts%2Fsqualane-lactic-acid-resurfacing-night-serum) combines lactic acid with multitasking [squalane](https://aedit.com/aedition/benefits-of-squalane-for-skin-hair), which acts as both an emollient and antioxidant.

Since lactic acid is best for exfoliating the top layer of the skin, Dr. Kunin says it can be “used in conjunction with [glycolic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/benefits-of-glycolic-acid-for-body), which is a much smaller molecule and better suited for deeper penetration.” If you decide to go the combination route, Dr. Kunin formulated the [DERMAdoctor Ain't Misbehavin' Healthy Toner with Glycolic & Lactic Acid](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dermadoctor.com%2Fskincare%2Fproduct-type%2Fexfoliators%2Faint-misbehavin-toner.html) with the pair to help remove excess oil, impurities, and makeup without stripping the skin. The [Dr. Dennis Gross Alpha Beta Peel Pads](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanidarden.com%2Fproducts%2Fdr-dennis-gross-alpha-beta-peel-original-formula) also does the work for you thanks to a hydroxy acid blend that includes lactic, glycolic, and salicylic acids. The [SkinCeuticals Clarifying Exfoliating Cleanser](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skinceuticals.com%2Fclarifying-exfoliating-cleanser-3606000468627.html), meanwhile, is a dual-chemical and mechanical (courtesy of pumice) exfoliating cream with the duo.

As for how many times a week you should be using lactic acid, it’ll depend on the rest of your routine. While gentle, lactic acid shouldn’t be used at the same time as more aggressive actives like [retinol](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-a-retinol-retinoids-in-skincare) or [vitamin C](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-vitamin-c-in-skincare). Even on its own, overuse can lead to a weakened skin barrier. Two to three nights a week is usually a sweet spot for most people, but you can increase or decrease usage after observing how your skin reacts. [Short contact therapy](https://aedit.com/aedition/short-contact-therapy-in-skincare) might be a good option for those who find they need to ease their way into it.

It’s important to note that lactic acid does affect sun sensitivity. “The acid sloughs away skin cells, it leaves your skin more likely to be damaged by ultraviolet light,” Houston warns. As such, reserve lactic acid for your P.M. routine and be sure to be extra diligent with your [sunscreen](https://aedit.com/aedition/dermatologist-approved-sunscreen-for-face-body) application the morning after. 

## **The Takeaway**
Lactic acid is a popular AHA that can brighten dull skin, fade sun spots, and increase cell turnover. It’s gentle enough to use for most skin types, and it’s considered to be easier on the skin than fellow hydroxy acids like salicylic and glycolic. Too much of a good thing can be, well, not good, so don’t go overboard with your usage. Stick to a couple times a week and watch your complexion glow. 

*All products featured are independently selected by our editors, however, AEDIT may receive a commission on items purchased through our links.*

Here’s what makes the exfoliating favorite different from the other acids on the market.

Guide To Lactic Acid In Skincare For Dark Spots, Wrinkles, Dull Skin

Read The Label: What You Need To Know About Lactic Acid In Skincare

shutterstock 103572467

Anybody who has covered awards season knows that the prep to look good on the endless string of [red carpets](https://aedit.com/aedition/cosmetic-procedures-treatments-for-the-red-carpet-and-special-events) is, in and of itself, a full-time job. Of course, there is the stylist who locks down the outfit, but then there are the beauty experts – from the [makeup artists](https://aedit.com/aedition/mascara-tips-from-celebrity-makeup-artists) to the [hairstylists](https://aedit.com/aedition/tips-for-styling-fine-thinning-hair-from-celebrity-hairstylists) to the [manicurists](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-press-on-nails-are-for-at-home-manicures) to the [aestheticians](https://aedit.com/aedition/aestheticians-in-aesthetic-medicine) to the [tanning experts](https://aedit.com/aedition/tips-for-self-tanning-the-face) – that bring the entire look together with the glam. 

You don’t have to be a professional to know that the foundation of any beauty look is [healthy skin](https://aedit.com/aedition/holiday-makeup-skincare-tips-from-celebrity-makeup-artist-daniel-martin). And while we’ve come to accept that most celebrities are notoriously secretive about their nips and tucks, there’s one treatment that’s so good, they’re regularly sharing it on [social media](https://www.instagram.com/p/CTsGD-8vJtQ/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link). Enter the Tracie Martyn Red Carpet Facial.  

While I had no red carpet to attend, I couldn’t pass up a chance to try the beloved [Red Carpet Facial](https://www.traciemartyn.com/blogs/press/tracie-martyn-skin-care-salon) at the highly sought-after Tracie Martyn spa in New York City. Would it be as transforming as the A-listers say? If it’s good enough for Rihanna, Madonna, Irina Shayk, and virtually every Hollywood ‘It’ girl on the scene, I needed to know if it can deliver the glow, lift, and contour to someone who doesn’t have a pampering army behind them (i.e. me). Here’s how it went. 

## **What Is the Red Carpet Facial** 
“The Red Carpet Facial is a specially curated experience that helps de-puff, lift, and contour the face to help prepare you for a special event and to look your best,” explains Marius Morariu, the co-founder of Tracie Martyn. “The facial includes crystal-free [diamond microdermabrasion](https://aedit.com/procedure/diamond-tip-microdermabrasion), [microcurrent therapy](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-professional-at-home-microcurrent-facials), and a relaxing [LED light bath](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-professional-at-home-led-therapy).” He says the treatment has a fanbase that turns to it no matter the star-studded occasion (think: the Met Gala, Academy Awards, etc.) thanks to its multifaceted benefits.

While you may be familiar with the modalities that comprise the facial, you’ve definitely never experienced them quite this way. “It’s the complexity that gives you the results – not just the technology but the technique,” Morariu shares. “It’s an unusual combination, but the ‘resculptor’ is at the core of it all.” So, what is the resculptor, you ask? “It has unique wavelengths, and we call it [Beyond Microcurrent®](https://www.traciemartyn.com/blogs/news/beyond-microcurrent-the-patented-technology-behind-our-best-in-class-microcurrent-facials) because you get faster results,” he notes. 

The high-tech approach to skin rejuvenation is specially designed to pack the punch of more invasive treatments in the gentlest way. “Paired with the [RedSculpt RadioTightening](https://www.traciemartyn.com/blogs/news/redsculpt-radiotightening-radiofrequency-facial) – which is a form of [radiofrequency](https://aedit.com/aedition/radiofrequency-skin-tighening-fat-reduction) that uses LED light – we’re using it at a frequency where you don’t need any anesthetic,” he explains. “The synergy between the resculpting and radiotightening techniques boosts collagen while enhancing the quality of collagen to keep you glowing.”   

And then there is the topical skincare component. “Every single skincare product has different ingredients,” Morariu says. “We are [exfoliating](https://aedit.com/aedition/dangers-of-over-exfoliating-the-skin) and building up the skin to be nourished.” As he explains, the treatment starts with a cleanse and [Enzyme Exfoliant](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.traciemartyn.com%2Fproducts%2Ftracie-martyn-enzyme-exfoliant) to “give you a fresh canvas” and works towards moisturizers to hydrate the complexion. “Additionally, it concludes with an oxygen mist with [peptides](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-topical-peptides-in-skincare) to give you the radiant appearance,” he adds. 

For those wondering, it is possible to try the facial at home (sans the tech, of course) for a quick glow up. “You can get the whole [skincare] regimen and do an at-home facial yourself,” Morariu shares. “While it won't provide the same results, you can enhance your at-home routine.”  

## **The Experience & Results** 
The entire facial appointment lasted about an hour and worked like a time machine taking years off my face. By starting with what can only be described as a transcendental full-body [LED light bath](https://aedit.com/procedure/led-light-therapy) accompanied by sounds of waves crashing, it’s safe to say it was worth it for the relaxation alone. However, it only got better with each step – from the skincare to the Beyond Microcurrent® technology. 

Immediately, the visible effects were a sculpted jawline and lifted cheekbones courtesy of the [lymphatic draining](https://aedit.com/aedition/benefits-of-lymphatic-drainage-massages-after-cosmetic-surgery) powers of the microcurrent. For somebody with rounder features and a bit of bloat, I looked contoured and sculpted in ways I never have before. It felt as though I’d had a full-spectrum [facial rejuvenation](https://aedit.com/aedition/facelifts-vs-injectable-dermal-fillers-which-one-is-right-for-me) procedure through a calming trip to the spa. 

## **Maintaining the Glow**
As for the [post-facial care](https://aedit.com/aedition/maximizing-facial-results), Morariu’s instructions were clear and easy to follow. “I love that people have a life outside of their treatments,” he says. “You want to enjoy it.” Even so, you’ll need to put in the effort to maximize the benefits. “I always say to balance it – you have to detox before you retox,” he adds. “Stick to your routine, [sleep well](https://aedit.com/aedition/impact-of-beauty-sleep-on-skin-health-nighttime-skincare-products), and eat right, but enjoy your life and enjoy the glow!”  

When it comes to [eating right](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-diet-for-healthy-beautiful-skin), the recommendations are the same whether you are hitting the red carpet or heading home on the subway. He suggests skipping high sodium (a.k.a. dehydrating) foods in the days following treatment to avoid interfering with the sculpting results. Considering he doubles as a holistic nutritionist and his skin has an unmatched youthful glow, I was willing to follow any rule he set out for me. 

The rest of my day was consumed with mirror glances and phone checks to confirm that the results were not an illusion courtesy of the well-lit Tracie Martyn spa. And while I was thrilled with the instant results, the real test was in the days following. “You don’t have to do this on the day of your special event, we have people come in a few days before their [weddings](https://aedit.com/aedition/wedding-beauty-timeline-cosmetic-surgery-procedures-one-week-before), parties, birthdays, anything where they want to look good,” Morariu says.  

Abiding by his post-facial instructions, I avoided salty foods, kept my water bottle filled, and mostly stuck to my regular skincare routine. As someone who has used an [at-home microcurrent device](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-its-like-to-use-nuface-for-30-days) for a prolonged period, I knew that in-office treatments were supposed to be more potent and lasting. To test this, I stowed away my microcurrent device and saw the pro results linger for a few days following treatment. Had I resumed using my [NuFace Trinity](https://go.skimresources.com?id=170670X1638612&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mynuface.com%2Fproducts%2Ftrinity) right away, I probably could have [maintained](https://aedit.com/aedition/maintaining-skin-with-devices-skincare-products-between-cosmetic-procedures) the effects even longer.

The Red Carpet Facial obviously works wonders for the face, but what about the rest of the body? “We do the resculpting body treatment with different settings for those wearing sleeveless gowns or who want to show some leg and feel great,” Morariu says. “We can make you feel great from head to toe.” 

## **The Takeaway** 
By combining potent skincare ingredients with innovative technology, the Tracie Martyn Red Carpet Facial pulls double duty. It delivers a megawatt glow, while also toning the cheeks and jawline. It’s clear why stars can’t get enough of this experience. The results are instant and speak for themselves. If you’re watching the red carpet this season and find yourself wondering what they've had done, there is a good chance it included a visit to the Tracie Martyn skin haven.    

*All products featured are independently selected by our editors, however, AEDIT may receive a commission on items purchased through our links.*

Patient Perspective

Stars usually stay mum about their skin secrets, but there’s one treatment they’re not shy about disclosing: the Tracie Martyn Red Carpet Facial. Here’s what it’s like.

What It's Like To Get The Celebrity-Favorite Tracie Martyn Red Carpet Facial

I Tried The Red Carpet Facial That Celebrities Swear By

shutterstock 1760659916

It’s believed that about 7.5 million Americans have psoriasis and another 32 million or so have eczema. That combined population is likely used to experiencing dry and scaly patches, which is why it can be easy for the untrained eye to misidentify the two. “Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis are both very common skin conditions that are often confused by non-dermatologists,” says [Samer Jaber, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/samer-jaber-md-3882), a board certified dermatologist and founder of Washington Square Dermatology in New York City. “They are both red, dry, scaly and often itchy, so they can look similar to non-dermatologists.”

To the trained eye, however, that’s where the similarities between eczema and psoriasis usually end. In order to give your skin the care it needs, a proper diagnosis from a board certified dermatologist is key. To give us non-dermatologists a better understanding of the ins and outs of eczema and psoriasis, we’ve tapped two top physicians for their expert insight.  

## **Eczema & Psoriasis 101**
Both eczema and psoriasis are skin conditions that, in some instances, present similarly. According to [Marisa Garshick, MD](https://aedit.com/provider/marisa-garshick-md-313), a NYC-based board certified dermatologist, they can appear as “red patches and plaques” on the skin, but “the causes, triggers, appearance, and treatment may differ between the two conditions.” In terms of similarities, eczema and psoriasis “are both conditions that reflect inflammation in the skin,” she shares – though “they occur for different reasons and can appear differently on the skin.” In terms of visible differences, Dr. Jaber says “psoriasis is typically more thick and scaly than eczema,” while eczema is often itchier than psoriasis.

With that in mind, let’s take a closer look at each:

### **What Is Eczema?**
Also known as atopic dermatitis, [eczema](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-skincare-products-to-treat-eczema-flare-ups-in-the-winter) “describes a condition when the skin becomes red, itchy, dry, and, sometimes, flaky,” Dr. Garshick shares. It is often genetic in etiology (if your parents had eczema, you likely will, too), and it “commonly appears in babies or early childhood,” she adds. While Dr. Jaber says that it “can improve as you get older,” it is “often seen in patients that also have allergies and asthma.” 

Eczema can affect any part of the body, but Dr. Jaber says it is more common “on areas that rub” such as “the inner elbow, behind your knees, neck, and arms, and legs.” Generally speaking, eczema is due to inflammation of the skin and is often triggered by irritants and things that dry out it out like harsh soaps, detergents, chemicals, clothing with a rough texture (think: wool), and stress. While we might think of cold winter climates as a culprit, warmer weather can exacerbate the condition, too. “For some people, intense heat and humidity can also aggravate the skin,” Dr. Garshick says. That includes hot showers.

**Your Eczema Cheat Sheet**

### **Causes & Triggers:**
- Inflammation 
- Genetics
- Environmental factors
- Stress

### **What it looks like:**
- Dry, itchy areas of skin
- Patches of red, gray, brown, or purplish skin 
- Affected areas can also be bumpy or uneven

### **Associated conditions:**
- Seasonal allergies or hayfever
- Asthma
- Family history

### **Common treatments:**
- Moisturizing, fragrance-free beauty routine 
- Lifestyle changes (i.e. shorter showers, humidifiers, etc.)
- Biologic medications

No two eczema experiences are the same. In mild cases, there may be just a bit of redness or flaking. In more severe instances, the skin can thicken, be very red, and peel. At its worst, it can put the skin at risk for superficial infections. Treatment can range from over-the-counter skincare to prescription medication depending on the severity.

### **What Is Psoriasis?** 
[Psoriasis](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-its-like-to-live-with-and-treat-psoriasis) is “an inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by red, scaly, well-demarcated plaques with silvery scales that can occur anywhere on the body,” Dr. Garshick explains. Unlike eczema, “psoriasis usually starts in adulthood and rarely occurs in children,” Dr. Jaber notes. Studies show there may be a hereditary component, and it can be associated with diabetes and heart disease. The average age of onset generally occurs at two different peaks. According to Dr. Garshick, the first is 15 to 35 years old and the second is 55 to 60 years old. 

Common areas that are affected by psoriasis include the scalp, elbows, knees, lower back, nails, hands, and feet. “Psoriasis tends to affect the extensor surfaces, such as the knee and elbow, and can be associated with joint pains and psoriatic arthritis,” Dr. Garshick shares. Flare-ups can be brought on by a variety of factors. “Psoriasis is often triggered by changes in the season, stress, alcohol, and skin trauma,” Dr. Jaber says. It can also be exacerbated in the aftermath of infections like strep throat, he adds. 

**Your Psoriasis Cheat Sheet**

### **Causes & Triggers:**
- Injury (think: insect bites, sunburn)
- Certain illnesses & medications
- Temperature changes
- Smoking & alcohol consumption 

### **What it looks like:**
- Red or pink plaques
- Raised rash with scales
- Clearly defined patches

### **Associated conditions:**
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Certain autoimmune conditions, including Crohn’s disease
- Type 2 diabetes

### **Common treatments:**
- Topical steroids
- Vitamin D analogs
- Narrowband phototherapy
- Lifestyle changes (i.e. diet, stress, etc.)

Eczema and psoriasis are similar in that every case is different. The condition usually manifests in unpredictable cycles that alternate between periods of few to no symptoms and more intense flare-ups. For some, psoriasis is a mostly cosmetic concern. But, for others, it can cause discomfort (physical and mental) and impact quality of life.

## **Diagnosing Eczema & Psoriasis**
If you are experiencing patches of scaly skin, the best way to determine whether you have eczema, psoriasis, or another skin condition is to schedule an appointment with your dermatologist. “In addition to the locations involved, associated symptoms, and the characteristic appearance, the most definitive way to distinguish the two is with a skin biopsy,” Dr. Garshick says. While the latter may be the most definitive, it’s not foolproof. “There are scenarios when even that is not conclusive to differentiate the two,” she admits.

When it comes to the physical exam, there are some specific indicators to keep an eye out for. “Eczema tends to be more ill-defined in the edges, while psoriasis is more well-demarcated,” Dr. Garshick explains. “Psoriasis is also known to experience the Koebner phenomenon, which is the appearance of new skin lesions in areas of skin trauma or injury in otherwise healthy appearing skin.”

Diagnosis may, however, be a little more nuanced on the face. Dr. Garshick says that it can sometimes be “challenging” to distinguish between eczema and psoriasis on the face – though “there are some hints based on location.” Because people with eczema tend to have more [sensitive skin](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-sensitive-vs-sensitized-skin) in general, it “tends to favor the area around the eyes and mouth” and can be “more pronounced in areas of the face where the skin is thinner,” Dr. Garshick shares. This is not usually true of psoriasis. “On the face and scalp, some individuals can experience an overlap of psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff), which can affect the hairline, forehead, and eyebrows,” she adds.

## **Treating Eczema & Psoriasis**
Not only can a dermatologist diagnose your skin condition, but they can develop a treatment plan for it, too. “A dermatologist can help guide you on how to distinguish psoriasis from eczema as well as the specific treatment course,” Dr. Garshick says. This may include over-the-counter and prescription skincare, oral and injectable medications, and in-office procedures. “While the types of treatments may be similar – as both can be treated with topical creams as well as light therapy and oral or injectable medications – the specific ways and medications to treat the conditions can differ,” she notes. “It is always important to see a dermatologist to determine the best treatment options for you.”

### **How to Treat Eczema**
There are many ways to treat atopic dermatitis, and many of them require little to no professional intervention. “I always recommend starting out with simple lifestyle changes,” Dr. Jaber says. These modifications include:

- Using a [fragrance-free](https://aedit.com/aedition/fragrance-free-beauty-skincare-for-sensitive-skin) soap
- Taking shorter, cooler showers
- Patting (not rubbing) your skin dry
- [Moisturizing](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-body-creams-lotions-balms-for-every-skin-concern) twice a day 
- Running a [humidifier](https://aedit.com/aedition/humidifiers-facial-steamers-for-skincare-dry-skin-acne) at home
- Avoiding fragrance & skin irritants 

With your skincare routine, it’s all about preventing [dry skin](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-to-treat-prevent-dry-skin-face-body-hands) and irritation, but know that these changes may not be enough for everyone. “If, despite this, you still struggle with eczema, see a dermatologist for topical prescription medications,” Dr. Jaber says. “There are both steroid and non-steroid topical medications that work very well for mild to moderate eczema.” From a prescription perspective, Dr. Garshick points to non-steroid anti-inflammatory creams like Eucrisa® (crisaborole) and Elidel® (pimecrolimus) and injectable Dupixent® (dupilumab). For some patients, light therapy may also be effective. In the most severe cases, Dr. Jaber says there have been “some amazing advancements” in the treatment of eczema with biologic medications. 

### **How to Treat Psoriasis**
Psoriasis flare-ups can be unpredictable, and, as Dr. Garshick shares, “treatments do not provide a permanent cure” and “there’s always the chance it can come back.” Even so, there are some lifestyle adjustments that can help manage and maybe even prevent relapses. They include eating a [well-balanced diet](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-diet-for-healthy-beautiful-skin), maintaining a healthy body weight, keeping stress levels in check as much as possible, and many of the eczema-prevention tips outlined above. “Since psoriasis has been found to be associated with other medical conditions, such as an increased risk of heart disease, certain lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss and exercise, can be helpful for those with psoriasis and has been shown to improve psoriasis skin severity,” she notes.

From there, a multi-modal treatment plan often works best. Both of our experts agree that topical steroids and/or topical [vitamin D](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-d-in-skincare-wellness) analogs, like calcipotriene, can be effective – especially in the treatment of mild psoriasis. For moderate to severe cases, narrowband phototherapy and biologic medications are often a solution. As Dr. Garshick explains, the latter are “injections that target the immune system” and “have been a great advance” in the treatment of psoriasis because they allow patients to see results and clearer skin “relatively quickly.”

In terms of at-home skincare, Dr. Garshick says exfoliating acids can help to smooth scaly skin. “As some of the plaques can be thick, it can be helpful to use [salicylic acid](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-beta-hydroxy-acids-salicylic-acid-in-skincare)-based creams on the plaques to help exfoliate and eliminate the dead skin cells,” she shares. Oh, and then there is this piece of advice that is true of psoriasis and pretty much every other skin concern: Don’t touch it. “You don’t want to manually pick off the scales in psoriasis, as that can trigger more scales,” she warns.

## **The Takeaway**
If you have red, rough patches of skin that are not responding to your usual hydrating skincare routine, it’s time to visit the experts to figure out the root cause. Even an article as comprehensive as this one cannot replace the expert eye of a [board certified dermatologist](https://aedit.com/aedition/skin-care-questions-for-your-dermatologist) when it comes to diagnosing and subsequently treating both eczema and psoriasis. Once you know what skin condition you are dealing with, you’ll be able to establish a treatment plan – including the necessary lifestyle adjustments – accordingly.

To the untrained eye, it can be difficult to distinguish between the red, scaly patches of skin. Here’s what you need to know about the common skin conditions.

Eczema vs. Psoriasis: What's The Difference Between The Skin Conditions?

Eczema vs. Psoriasis: What’s The Difference?

content-pixie-55xBBJ SbhU-unsplash

What you need to know about the skin-changing tools that are here to stay.

The Rise In At-Home Skincare And Hair Removal Devices After COVID-19

The Post-Lockdown Boom Of At-Home Skincare Devices

shutterstock 1620889672

Just as there is no one type of skin, there is no one type of [facial](https://aedit.com/procedure/facials). Depending on your mood and goals, the skincare treatment can be pampering or clinical, detoxifying or hydrating, targeted to topicals or multi-modal. Regardless of what you choose, however, you can always count on at least one thing – that coveted post-facial glow and all the skin-boosting benefits that accompany it. 

Facials have the ability to pack a serious skincare punch that lingers long after you leave the spa, but the results can feel fleeting if you don’t know how to maximize them. Here, we’re breaking down everything you need to know about maintaining and even extending the results of a facial to ensure you make the most of your time and money. 

## **How to Prepare for a Post-Facial Glow**  
Facials are a small but mighty treatment. Even so, it’s important to remember that there are parameters to what they can address. If you are new to the facial game, make sure you have a good understanding of your skin. While facials are very customizable, they may exacerbate certain skin conditions like dermatitis, [eczema](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-skincare-products-to-treat-eczema-flare-ups-in-the-winter), [rosacea](https://aedit.com/concern/rosacea), or [psoriasis](https://aedit.com/aedition/what-its-like-to-live-with-and-treat-psoriasis). Those with an underlying skin concern may first want to visit the dermatologist for a diagnosis. Once you have the all clear, it’s time to do some research.

### **Do Your Homework** 
- **Find the Right Provider**: The same care you take to vet the perfect dermatologist or plastic surgeon should be extended to selecting your [aesthetician](https://aedit.com/aedition/aestheticians-in-aesthetic-medicine). For starters, they should be licensed by the state they practice in. But, from there, you’ll want to consider the person’s speciality (say, [acne-prone skin](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-oily-and-acne-prone-skin)) and types of services they offer. 
- **Consider Your Timing**: Just got a fresh round of injectables? How about a laser treatment? You’ll want to consider this when booking a facial and, needless to say, share that info with your aesthetician. “We also want to know if you’ve had anything done recently – did you just have a peel? – because this will determine what we choose to do,” says [Terrie Absher](https://www.instagram.com/totalglowmd/), a licensed aesthetician and founder of [Total Glow](https://www.totalglow.com/) in Silicon Valley. 
- **Location, Location, Location**: Pandemic protocols may be shifting, but one thing that is here to stay? [Telemedicine](https://aedit.com/aedition/virtual-consultations-telemedicine-plastic-surgery-dermatology-cosmetic-dentistry) or, in this case, tele-skincare. Many facialists are now offering virtual services that allow you to reap the benefits of a professional treatment from the comfort of your own home. In lieu of the normal in-person skin assessment, you’ll likely be asked to submit some kind of digital survey ahead of time. “For virtual facials, we send out a questionnaire to find out what your concerns and routine is like, so we can take care of that,” Absher notes. I was lucky enough to experience one of Absher’s virtual facials, and I can safely say it’s one of the best treatments I’ve ever had – period.

You’ve found your aesthetician and booked an appointment. Now’s the time to sit back, relax, and count down the days until your facial, right? Not if you want to make the most out of your treatment. What you do (or don’t do) in the lead up to your service will have an impact on how it goes and the results you enjoy afterward. With that in mind, Absher has these tips for how to prepare for a facial in the weeks and days ahead:

### **Prep Properly**
- **Hydrate**: Healthy skin is hydrated skin. That starts with drinking enough water every day and eating a [well-balanced, skin-friendly diet](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-diet-for-healthy-beautiful-skin). “We don’t think of you as just bringing your face to fix these concerns, we approach it from a more holistic way,” Absher explains. “What you’re drinking, eating, and doing can be factored in your skin’s appearance.”
- **Stick to Routine**: Prior to a facial, it's best to maintain your normal skincare regimen – unless you are advised to lay off certain ingredients. If you’re using a [retinol or retinoid](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-a-retinol-retinoids-in-skincare), for example, you’ll want to share that with your aesthetician ahead of time. Depending on the treatment, you may need to discontinue use for a few days. Even if you don’t need to pause on your vitamin A derivative, Absher says the service may need to be customized to calm any irritation or sensitivity. 
- **Slather on the Sunscreen**: A [sunburn](https://aedit.com/aedition/guide-to-vitamin-a-retinol-retinoids-in-skincare) before a treatment? That’s a no-no. Avoid any UV-induced inflammation by being extra vigilant with your [sun care](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-lightweight-non-greasy-sunscreens-to-wear-indoors) prior to your facial. This will help ensure your skin is in the best possible shape for treatment. 

The day has finally arrived – yay! Now is the time to hand over your face to the pros, so that they can work their magic. But, before you lay down on the table, Absher says there are a few last-minute things in keep in mind:

### **Arrive Ready**
- **Go Barefaced**: No matter the time of your appointment, there is no need to skip your skincare routine that morning. That’s especially true of sunscreen. One thing you can forgo? Makeup – though don’t worry if you show up with a full face. All facials start with a thorough cleanse regardless of what you have on your face. 
- **Don’t Be Shy**: The more you tell your aesthetician about yourself and your skin, the more they can do for you. “When we see people, we look at all of their lifestyle aspects,” Absher shares. That extends from how you are taking care of yourself (“have they been drinking and eating junk food,” she asks) to what you have coming up on the calendar (“are they [getting ready for a wedding](https://aedit.com/aedition/wedding-beauty-timeline-cosmetic-surgery-procedures-one-month-before),” she adds). “Then we can know what we are dealing with,” Absher says.

By following this checklist, you’ll know that you’ve done all you can ahead of time to set yourself up for success. Your aesthetician will take care of the rest.

## **How to Maintain That Post-Facial Glow**  
Whether you just enjoyed a [HydraFacial®](https://aedit.com/procedure/hydrafacial), [SaltFacial™](https://aedit.com/procedure/saltfacial), [JetPeel™ facial](https://aedit.com/procedure/jetpeel), or a regularly scheduled extraction session, there is a lot you can do post-treatment to maximize and extend the hydrating, exfoliating, pore-clearing, glow-inducing benefits. What’s even more important than what you can do, however, is what you should avoid. So, let’s start with the ‘no-no’ list: 

### **Avoid This**
- **Picking at Skin**: Need we say more? Dirty fingers on freshly pampered skin can open the door to bacteria getting into the pores. This can lead to breakouts or exacerbate any purging the skin may already be going through as a result of treatment. 
- **Sunbathing**: Sun exposure isn’t entirely avoidable, but you can be mindful to stay out of direct sunlight. And there is no excuse to ever be unprotected (this includes sunscreen, hats, and sunglasses). Absher confirms that most facials will end with the aesthetician applying SPF, but be sure to reapply throughout the day – and every day after.
- **Visiting the Steam Room or Sauna**: A hot shower after a long day is okay, but a visit to the sauna or steam room should be skipped. Additionally, nix your facial steamer for a week after treatment to prevent bacteria exposure to freshly cleaned pores. 
- **Exfoliating**: We probably don’t have to remind you about damage beaded scrubs and other physical exfoliants can cause when not applied properly, but it’s especially important to be cognizant of this after a facial. “What we do during our treatment will be like a workout for the face, so there's no need to overdo it the day or two after, ” Absher notes. This applies to [chemical exfoliants](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-at-home-chemical-peels-exfoliators), too.

Now that you know what you shouldn’t do post-facial, here are a few expert-approved tips to keep your complexion in, well, tip-top shape:

### **Try This**
- **Focus on Routine**: According to Absher, at-home devices (think: [microcurrent](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-professional-at-home-microcurrent-facials) and [LED masks](https://aedit.com/aedition/difference-between-professional-at-home-led-therapy)) are your friends and should be incorporated into your routine as per usual post-facial. Because they are not as strong as their in-office counterparts, they can be used in conjunction to [maintain the skin](https://aedit.com/aedition/maintaining-skin-with-devices-skincare-products-between-cosmetic-procedures). Alongside a [tailor-made skincare regimen](https://aedit.com/aedition/best-skincare-routine-products-ingredients-for-20s), Absher says you’ll be able to prolong those coveted effects.
- **Ask the Expert**: Between the ultra-magnifying mirror and their years of expertise, an aesthetician is going to know a thing or two about your skin by the end of your facial. From routine advice to ingredient insights, an insider like Absher will be able to give you a level of personalization in her recommendations that Google won't. “Nothing should be on autopilot,” she says. “We are always looking at what you are experiencing and can see what can be done in the future to benefit you.” 
- **Schedule a Follow-Up**: The best way to maintain your post-facial glow? Schedule round two. For those who are ready to take their skin to the next level, consider finding a specialist you are ready to commit to. Routine visits can complement the skin's natural regenerative cycle, keep skin concerns in check, and be customized to treat exactly what you wish at any given time. 

## **The Takeaway** 
Skin cells naturally turn over every 28 days or so (though this process slows with age), which leads to an automatic glow-up. [Regularly scheduled facials](https://aedit.com/aedition/how-frequently-to-get-non-surgical-cosmetic-procedures-like-dermal-filler-botox-chemical-peel) can help supercharge the effect. And, even if one treatment is all that is in the cards for you at the moment, it is possible to make the radiant effects of a facial last longer with a few simple pre- and post-procedure steps – from staying hydrated and out of the sun to keeping up with your at-home skincare routine and your hands away from your face.

When it’s good, you want it to last – post-facial radiance is no exception. If you want that glow to stay, here are some tips from the experts. 